Rancang Bangun Teknik Pembuatan Bodi Mobil Listrik Shuttle Bus Kampus
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Abstract
Perubahan iklim dan tingginya emisi sektor transportasi mendorong penerapan kendaraan listrik, termasuk shuttle bus listrik kampus. Departemen Teknik Otomotif Universitas Negeri Padang (UNP) telah mengembangkan prototipe shuttle bus listrik, namun proses pembuatan bodinya belum terdokumentasi secara sistematis. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang, membangun, menguji kelayakan, dan mengevaluasi efektivitas teknik pembuatan bodi tersebut menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) model Borg and Gall yang disederhanakan menjadi empat tahap: studi pendahuluan, perancangan, pengembangan produk, dan evaluasi/validasi. Bodi dibangun dari rangka baja hollow (pengelasan SMAW) dan panel fiberglass (hand lay-up), diselesaikan dengan pengecatan urethane. Hasil validasi ahli menunjukkan kelayakan keseluruhan 83,33% (kategori Sangat Layak, berdasarkan penilaian satu evaluator ahli), tertinggi pada aspek struktural (86,11%) dan terendah pada estetika (75,00%). Evaluator menyatakan produk layak digunakan dengan revisi pada aspek estetika, khususnya desain depan dan skema warna. Ditinjau dari kesesuaiannya dengan kapasitas peralatan bengkel pendidikan serta capaian pada indikator efektivitas teknik fabrikasi (88,89%), teknik pembuatan yang diterapkan menunjukkan potensi untuk direplikasi mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran berbasis proyek.
Climate change and rising transportation emissions have driven adoption of electric vehicles, including campus electric shuttle buses. The Automotive Engineering Department of Universitas Negeri Padang (UNP) developed an electric shuttle bus prototype, yet its body fabrication process was undocumented. This study aims to design, build, test the feasibility of, and evaluate the effectiveness of the fabrication technique, using a simplified four-stage Borg and Gall R&D model: preliminary study, design, product development, and evaluation/validation. The body combines a hollow steel frame (SMAW welding) with fiberglass panels (hand lay-up), finished with urethane painting. Expert validation showed an overall feasibility of 83.33% (Highly Feasible category, based on a single expert evaluator), highest on the structural aspect (86.11%) and lowest on aesthetics (75.00%). The evaluator deemed the product feasible with revisions to the aesthetic aspect, particularly the front design and color scheme. Given its compatibility with the educational workshop's equipment capacity and the fabrication-technique-effectiveness score (88.89%), the applied technique shows potential for independent replication by students in project-based learning.
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