Prototipe Emulator Panel Surya Menggunakan Buck Converter Berbasis Arduino dan Graphical User Interface Matlab
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Abstract
Tulisan ini membahas perancangan perangkat keras emulator sel surya, memonitoring keluaran emulator menggunakan MATLAB GUI, dan membandingkan karakteristik hasil pengukuran langsung dengan karakteristik hasil simulasi untuk mengetahui unjuk kerja sistem panel surya. Emulator panel surya ini akan dimodelkan dengan persamaan matematis di Arduino Uno dengan menginputkan nilai iradiasi, suhu, arus dan tegangan keluaran buck converter yang diberikan sebagai umpan balik dan menghasilkan arus referensi yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan arus keluaran buck converter dimana kesalahan perbandingan akan di kontrol oleh kendali PID. Hasil uji coba dengan hardware emulator sel surya menunjukkan karakteristik yang mirip dengan modul Solkar 36, dengan tingkat kesalahan rerata sekitar 5,16% untuk daya maksimum, 2,08% untuk arus short circuit, dan 0,28% untuk tegangan open circuit. Penurunan nilai iradiasi mengakibatkan penurunan rata-rata pada arus short circuit, tegangan open circuit, dan daya maksimum sekitar 0,761 A, 0,558 V, dan 17,034 W. Selain itu, rata-rata penurunan Voc dan daya maksimum akibat kenaikan suhu 10 ºC yaitu 0,26 V dan 1,11182 W, sedangkan Isc mengalami peningkatan sekitar 0,015 A.
This study discusses the hardware design of a solar cell emulator, monitoring the emulator's output using a MATLAB GUI, and comparing the characteristics of direct measurements with the characteristics of simulation results to determine the solar panel system's performance. This solar panel emulator will be modeled with mathematical equations on an Arduino Uno by inputting values such as irradiance, temperature, current, and output voltage of the buck converter as feedback and generating a reference current, which is then compared with the buck converter's output current. The comparison error will be controlled by a PID controller. Experimental results with the solar cell emulator hardware show characteristics similar to the Solkar 36 module, with an average error rate of about 5.16% for maximum power, 2.08% for short-circuit current, and 0.28% for open-circuit voltage. A decrease in irradiance results in an average decrease in short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, and maximum power by about 0.761 A, 0.558 V, and 17.034 W, respectively. In addition, the average decrease in Voc and maximum power due to a 10 ºC temperature increase is 0.26 V and 1.11182 W, while Isc increases by approximately 0.015 A.
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